Generally speaking, light-duty spinning machines (including conventional spinning machines and shear spinning machines) share structural similarities with ordinary lathes. However, large spinning machinery, especially heavy-duty CNC shear spinning equipment, can fully meet the above spinning process requirements.
Key components of spinning machines such as the bed, spindle, transmission system, roller carriage and tailstock must feature sufficient rigidity, with thick worktables, heavy guide rails and thick wall panels.
The horizontal and longitudinal feed mechanisms of the roller carriage are driven by hydraulic or mechanical-hydraulic transmission to generate sufficient spinning force with stepless speed regulation to satisfy technical processing standards.
Conventional spinning machines are normally equipped with one main spinning roller plus multiple auxiliary forming rollers (e.g., flanging rollers, curling rollers, etc.). Heavy-duty spinning machines are fitted with 2 to 3 spinning rollers (2 rollers for general spinning machines, 2–3 rollers for cylindrical component spinning machines), arranged symmetrically relative to the mandrel axis.Symmetric layout balances radial spinning force, reduces deflection and vibration of mandrels, and lays a foundation for high forming precision. Accordingly, rollers must maintain high horizontal synchronization accuracy (special spinning machines for cylindrical workpieces) or longitudinal synchronization accuracy (universal spinning machines). Rotatable spinning rollers can be installed on lightweight, high-performance spinning equipment.
The spindle delivers sufficient torque and power output. The drive system supports constant torque and constant power regulation to accommodate special forming processes. Stepless speed control is adopted for the longitudinal feed rate of roller carriages, allowing flexible parameter selection for spinning processes while maintaining a constant peripheral linear speed on the mandrel surface and stable feed rate throughout forming.
The spindle is fitted with heavy-duty rolling bearings to withstand heavy working loads generated by spinning rollers and tail hydraulic cylinders, paired with efficient cooling and lubrication systems for spindles and bearings. Forced cooling and thermal insulation devices are integrated; direct heating functions are available for spindles, roller heads, tail sleeves and other assemblies.
The tailstock sleeve provides sufficient clamping force for the tip block to firmly secure work blanks during processing, while enhancing the overall rigidity of rotating assemblies including the spindle.
Lateral feed of spinning rollers is controlled by CNC electro-hydraulic servo systems, enabling processing of hollow rotary parts with arbitrary profiles.Semi-automatic or fully automatic cycle operation modes are available. All movements except workpiece loading/unloading are controlled by limit switches and stoppers to complete full forming cycles automatically. Automatic spinning machines support rhythmic workpiece feeding and continuous repetitive production cycles.
Electric control systems with hydraulic locking mechanisms adjust the relative positions of all assemblies on heavy-load spinning machines. This design elevates mechanization and automation levels, ensures stable operation, and reduces labor intensity for operators.
For conventional spinning and heavy-duty shear spinning of special-shaped parts, spinning rollers are designed with adjustable attack angles. Optimized attack angles facilitate uniform metal flow or consistent material deformation per unit time, stabilizing spinning processes and improving finished workpiece quality and mechanical performance, alongside a compact overall structure.
